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Bone-rattling bicycle was the skateboard of its day
One of Britain's earliest known bicycles, which once was as popular as today's skateboard, is now on display at the Museum of Science and Industry (MOSI).
The 'boneshaker' bicycle was an uncomfortable contraption with wooden wheels, iron tyres and pedals fitted directly to the front wheel. Yet despite these limitations, the early bicycle was adopted by many as a leisure pastime. A British version of the boneshaker was made by Andrew Muir, Victoria Bridge Works, Salford, in 1869. This is one of several bicycles bought by the Museum, from the estate of the late cycling enthusiast, Ron Sant.
Nick Forder, transport curator at MOSI said:
"Most people think of the Penny Farthing as Britain's earliest bike, but actually the boneshaker was developed earlier and was responsible for widespread interest in cycling. It was the skateboard of its day. While it undoubtedly caused its riders a few more bruises than modern day cycles, its name probably says more about the state of the roads at that time than any shortcomings in the design. I certainly wouldn't want to try to ride it across cobbles!
"Even after the Penny Farthing was developed from about 1870, the boneshaker continued to be popular, particularly in rural areas, as its simple wooden and steel frame made it less expensive, and easier to both manufacture and maintain."
The boneshaker was first developed in Paris in the mid 1860s, when cranks and pedals were added to the front wheel of a 'hobbyhorse' bicycle. Although it is unclear who originally came up with the idea, boneshakers were on sale as early as 1864 and an American patent was registered in 1866.
Interest developed rapidly across Europe and in certain parts of the US, and a number of 'riding schools' were opened. The boneshaker became popular in England from 1869, and soon versions like Andrew Muir's model were manufactured here. Although, at 24 kg, the boneshaker is more than twice as heavy as a modern bicycle, a fit cyclist would maintain a speed of around 13 km per hour.
The first 'safety' bicycle designs appeared from 1885, and these soon developed into the commonly-known design of bicycle which has changed little up to the present day.
The Museum has 14 bicycles and one tricycle, many of which are now on display to the public.